{
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  "@type": "SoftwareApplication",
  "@id": "https://www.nuanyue.com/software/mullvad-vpn/#software",
  "name": "Mullvad VPN",
  "description": "Flat-rate privacy VPN at €5 per month that takes no personal information, not even an email address, and accepts cash payments.",
  "url": "https://www.nuanyue.com/software/mullvad-vpn/",
  "mainEntityOfPage": "https://www.nuanyue.com/software/mullvad-vpn/",
  "operatingSystem": "macOS",
  "applicationCategory": "UtilitiesApplication",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Mullvad VPN",
    "url": "https://mullvad.net/"
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    "https://github.com/mullvad/mullvadvpn-app"
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  "softwareVersion": "2026.5",
  "license": "GPL-3.0",
  "offers": {
    "@type": "Offer",
    "price": "0",
    "priceCurrency": "USD"
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  "nuanyue:record": {
    "schemaVersion": 1,
    "id": "software:mullvad-vpn",
    "slug": "mullvad-vpn",
    "name": "Mullvad VPN",
    "type": "SoftwareApplication",
    "entityType": "VPN client",
    "description": "Flat-rate privacy VPN at €5 per month that takes no personal information, not even an email address, and accepts cash payments.",
    "shortDescription": "Flat-rate privacy VPN with anonymous accounts and no logging.",
    "answer": "Mullvad is a VPN service that charges a flat €5 per month and asks for no personal information — not even an email address — issuing an account number instead. It states that it keeps no logs of your activity, is based in Sweden, and encourages payment by cash or cryptocurrency. On top of the basic tunnel it offers DAITA to counter AI-guided traffic analysis, quantum-resistant tunnels, multihop routing through more than one server, and DNS handled inside the encrypted tunnel. Its apps are open source and it commissions independent audits of its app and infrastructure. It suits people who want a VPN whose business model does not depend on knowing who they are.",
    "page": "https://www.nuanyue.com/software/mullvad-vpn/",
    "dataUrl": "https://www.nuanyue.com/data/software/mullvad-vpn.json",
    "categories": [
      "networking"
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    "tags": [],
    "platform": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "architecture": [],
    "featured": false,
    "pricing": "subscription",
    "pricingDescription": "€5 per month, charged at a flat rate rather than by tier, with no free tier. Accounts are anonymous and payment can be made in cash or cryptocurrency.",
    "price": {
      "amount": 5,
      "currency": "EUR"
    },
    "license": "GPL-3.0",
    "currentVersion": "2026.5",
    "releaseDate": "2026-09-30",
    "openSource": true,
    "website": "https://mullvad.net/en",
    "documentation": "https://mullvad.net/en/help/",
    "github": "https://github.com/mullvad/mullvadvpn-app",
    "download": "https://cdn.mullvad.net/app/desktop/releases/2026.5/MullvadVPN-2026.5.pkg",
    "developer": {
      "name": "Mullvad VPN",
      "website": "https://mullvad.net/"
    },
    "features": [
      "Flat €5 per month with no tiered pricing",
      "Anonymous account: no email address or personal details required",
      "States that no activity logs are kept",
      "Cash and cryptocurrency payments accepted",
      "DAITA, for defending against AI-guided traffic analysis",
      "Quantum-resistant VPN tunnels available on all supported platforms",
      "Multihop routing through two or more servers in separate jurisdictions",
      "DNS queries pass through the encrypted tunnel",
      "Obfuscation methods for reaching the service from restrictive networks",
      "Independent audits of the app and infrastructure",
      "Apps for Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS and Android"
    ],
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      "Masking your IP address so your ISP cannot see which sites you visit",
      "Reaching the open internet from a network that censors or blocks VPNs",
      "Paying for a VPN without handing over an identity",
      "Separating DNS resolution from the local network"
    ],
    "formats": [],
    "integrations": [],
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      {
        "text": "Charges a flat €5 per month rather than tiering features by price.",
        "status": "developer-stated",
        "source": "official",
        "verifiedAt": "2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      {
        "text": "Requires no email address or personal information to create an account.",
        "status": "developer-stated",
        "source": "official",
        "verifiedAt": "2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      {
        "text": "Accepts cash and cryptocurrency, which supports paying without an identity.",
        "status": "developer-stated",
        "source": "official",
        "verifiedAt": "2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      {
        "text": "States that it does not log user activity.",
        "status": "developer-stated",
        "source": "official",
        "verifiedAt": "2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      {
        "text": "Offers DAITA to counter AI-guided traffic analysis, and quantum-resistant tunnels.",
        "status": "developer-stated",
        "source": "official",
        "verifiedAt": "2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      {
        "text": "Commissions independent audits of its app and infrastructure.",
        "status": "developer-stated",
        "source": "official",
        "verifiedAt": "2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z"
      }
    ],
    "cons": [
      {
        "text": "There is no free tier, so the service cannot be evaluated at no cost through the vendor.",
        "status": "verified",
        "source": "official",
        "verifiedAt": "2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      {
        "text": "The number of servers and countries is not published in the sources Nuanyue tracks.",
        "status": "editorially-reviewed"
      },
      {
        "text": "The supported tunnel protocols are not enumerated in the sources Nuanyue tracks.",
        "status": "editorially-reviewed"
      }
    ],
    "whoIsItFor": [
      "People who want a VPN that does not require an email address to sign up",
      "Users who want to pay anonymously, including in cash",
      "Anyone who needs to circumvent censorship in a restrictive network"
    ],
    "notFor": [
      "Anyone who wants a free VPN — Mullvad has no free tier",
      "Users who need to pick a plan by feature level; there is one price and one feature set",
      "People who need a single-country exit only, since the service is aimed at anonymous, jurisdiction-varied routing"
    ],
    "limitations": [
      "There is no free tier; the service is €5 per month",
      "The pages Nuanyue checked do not state the number of servers or countries, so neither is recorded here",
      "The pages Nuanyue checked do not enumerate the supported tunnel protocols, so none is claimed",
      "Apple Silicon support is not stated in the sources Nuanyue tracks"
    ],
    "firstUse": {
      "installation": {
        "value": "A macOS package is published by the vendor for direct download.",
        "status": "verified",
        "source": "official",
        "verifiedAt": "2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      "firstLaunch": {
        "value": "An account number is generated instead of an email-based login; the app is then signed in with that number.",
        "status": "developer-stated",
        "source": "official",
        "verifiedAt": "2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      "systemIntegration": {
        "value": "Installs as a system-wide VPN client covering all traffic on the Mac.",
        "status": "derived",
        "source": "official",
        "verifiedAt": "2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      "appleSilicon": {
        "value": null,
        "status": "unknown"
      }
    },
    "updates": [],
    "faq": [
      {
        "question": "How much does Mullvad VPN cost?",
        "answer": "€5 per month, at a flat rate. There are no tiers and no free plan, and the price does not change according to how many features you use.",
        "status": "verified",
        "source": "official",
        "verifiedAt": "2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      {
        "question": "Does Mullvad require an email address?",
        "answer": "No. Mullvad states that it does not ask for any personal information, not even an email address, and issues an account number instead. It also encourages anonymous payment by cash or cryptocurrency.",
        "status": "developer-stated",
        "source": "official",
        "verifiedAt": "2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      {
        "question": "Does Mullvad keep logs?",
        "answer": "Mullvad states that it does not log your activity, and that it commissions independent audits of its app and infrastructure.",
        "status": "developer-stated",
        "source": "official",
        "verifiedAt": "2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      {
        "question": "What is DAITA?",
        "answer": "DAITA stands for Defense Against AI-guided Traffic Analysis. Mullvad describes it as a feature in the VPN app that counteracts advanced traffic analysis, which can otherwise infer information about you even when the traffic itself is encrypted.",
        "status": "developer-stated",
        "source": "official",
        "verifiedAt": "2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z"
      }
    ],
    "relationships": [
      {
        "target": "tunnelbear",
        "type": "competitor",
        "reason": "Both are subscription VPN services aimed at consumers, but Mullvad avoids asking for an email address while Tunnelbear is built around a conventional account.",
        "verifiedAt": "2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      {
        "target": "outline",
        "type": "alternative",
        "reason": "Both are used to get around censorship, but Outline is a self-hosted Shadowsocks-based tool while Mullvad is a paid VPN service you connect to.",
        "verifiedAt": "2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      {
        "target": "tailscale",
        "type": "similar",
        "reason": "Both build encrypted tunnels and offer WireGuard, but Tailscale is for reaching your own private resources while Mullvad hides your traffic from the destination.",
        "verifiedAt": "2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z"
      },
      {
        "target": "windscribe",
        "type": "competitor",
        "reason": "Both are consumer VPN services, but Windscribe offers a free tier while Mullvad charges a flat monthly fee with no free plan.",
        "verifiedAt": "2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z"
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "mullvad-vpn:official",
        "type": "official_website",
        "url": "https://mullvad.net/en",
        "title": "Mullvad VPN — official website",
        "trustLevel": "B",
        "accessedAt": null
      },
      {
        "id": "mullvad-vpn:developer",
        "type": "developer",
        "url": "https://mullvad.net/",
        "title": "Mullvad VPN — developer website",
        "trustLevel": "B",
        "accessedAt": null
      },
      {
        "id": "mullvad-vpn:documentation",
        "type": "documentation",
        "url": "https://mullvad.net/en/help/",
        "title": "Mullvad VPN — documentation",
        "trustLevel": "C",
        "accessedAt": null
      },
      {
        "id": "mullvad-vpn:repository",
        "type": "github",
        "url": "https://github.com/mullvad/mullvadvpn-app",
        "title": "Mullvad VPN — source repository",
        "trustLevel": "D",
        "accessedAt": null
      }
    ],
    "claims": [
      {
        "id": "software:mullvad-vpn.isA",
        "subject": "software:mullvad-vpn",
        "predicate": "isA",
        "value": "VPN client",
        "status": "editorially-reviewed",
        "sourceIds": [
          "mullvad-vpn:official"
        ],
        "lastVerified": null
      },
      {
        "id": "software:mullvad-vpn.supportsPlatform",
        "subject": "software:mullvad-vpn",
        "predicate": "supportsPlatform",
        "value": [
          "macOS"
        ],
        "status": "verified",
        "sourceIds": [
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        ],
        "lastVerified": null
      },
      {
        "id": "software:mullvad-vpn.officialWebsite",
        "subject": "software:mullvad-vpn",
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        "status": "verified",
        "sourceIds": [
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        "lastVerified": null
      },
      {
        "id": "software:mullvad-vpn.listedInCategory",
        "subject": "software:mullvad-vpn",
        "predicate": "listedInCategory",
        "value": [
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        "status": "editorially-reviewed",
        "sourceIds": [
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        "lastVerified": null
      },
      {
        "id": "software:mullvad-vpn.pricingModel",
        "subject": "software:mullvad-vpn",
        "predicate": "pricingModel",
        "value": "Subscription",
        "status": "developer-stated",
        "sourceIds": [
          "mullvad-vpn:official"
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        "lastVerified": null
      },
      {
        "id": "software:mullvad-vpn.price",
        "subject": "software:mullvad-vpn",
        "predicate": "price",
        "value": "EUR 5",
        "status": "developer-stated",
        "sourceIds": [
          "mullvad-vpn:official"
        ],
        "lastVerified": null
      },
      {
        "id": "software:mullvad-vpn.developedBy",
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        "predicate": "developedBy",
        "value": "Mullvad VPN",
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          "mullvad-vpn:official"
        ],
        "lastVerified": null
      },
      {
        "id": "software:mullvad-vpn.ownership",
        "subject": "software:mullvad-vpn",
        "predicate": "ownership",
        "value": "Third-party product — not published by Nuanyue",
        "status": "editorially-reviewed",
        "sourceIds": [],
        "lastVerified": null
      },
      {
        "id": "software:mullvad-vpn.isOpenSource",
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        "value": true,
        "status": "verified",
        "sourceIds": [
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          "mullvad-vpn:official"
        ],
        "lastVerified": null
      },
      {
        "id": "software:mullvad-vpn.licensedUnder",
        "subject": "software:mullvad-vpn",
        "predicate": "licensedUnder",
        "value": "GPL-3.0",
        "status": "verified",
        "sourceIds": [
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        "lastVerified": null
      },
      {
        "id": "software:mullvad-vpn.currentVersion",
        "subject": "software:mullvad-vpn",
        "predicate": "currentVersion",
        "value": "2026.5",
        "status": "developer-stated",
        "sourceIds": [
          "mullvad-vpn:official"
        ],
        "lastVerified": null
      },
      {
        "id": "software:mullvad-vpn.hasFeature",
        "subject": "software:mullvad-vpn",
        "predicate": "hasFeature",
        "value": [
          "Flat €5 per month with no tiered pricing",
          "Anonymous account: no email address or personal details required",
          "States that no activity logs are kept",
          "Cash and cryptocurrency payments accepted",
          "DAITA, for defending against AI-guided traffic analysis",
          "Quantum-resistant VPN tunnels available on all supported platforms",
          "Multihop routing through two or more servers in separate jurisdictions",
          "DNS queries pass through the encrypted tunnel",
          "Obfuscation methods for reaching the service from restrictive networks",
          "Independent audits of the app and infrastructure",
          "Apps for Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS and Android"
        ],
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        "sourceIds": [
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        ],
        "lastVerified": null
      },
      {
        "id": "software:mullvad-vpn.usedFor",
        "subject": "software:mullvad-vpn",
        "predicate": "usedFor",
        "value": [
          "Masking your IP address so your ISP cannot see which sites you visit",
          "Reaching the open internet from a network that censors or blocks VPNs",
          "Paying for a VPN without handing over an identity",
          "Separating DNS resolution from the local network"
        ],
        "status": "editorially-reviewed",
        "sourceIds": [
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        ],
        "lastVerified": null
      },
      {
        "id": "software:mullvad-vpn.audienceFor",
        "subject": "software:mullvad-vpn",
        "predicate": "audienceFor",
        "value": [
          "People who want a VPN that does not require an email address to sign up",
          "Users who want to pay anonymously, including in cash",
          "Anyone who needs to circumvent censorship in a restrictive network"
        ],
        "status": "editorially-reviewed",
        "sourceIds": [
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        ],
        "lastVerified": null
      },
      {
        "id": "software:mullvad-vpn.audienceNotFor",
        "subject": "software:mullvad-vpn",
        "predicate": "audienceNotFor",
        "value": [
          "Anyone who wants a free VPN — Mullvad has no free tier",
          "Users who need to pick a plan by feature level; there is one price and one feature set",
          "People who need a single-country exit only, since the service is aimed at anonymous, jurisdiction-varied routing"
        ],
        "status": "editorially-reviewed",
        "sourceIds": [
          "mullvad-vpn:official"
        ],
        "lastVerified": null
      },
      {
        "id": "software:mullvad-vpn.limitation",
        "subject": "software:mullvad-vpn",
        "predicate": "limitation",
        "value": [
          "There is no free tier; the service is €5 per month",
          "The pages Nuanyue checked do not state the number of servers or countries, so neither is recorded here",
          "The pages Nuanyue checked do not enumerate the supported tunnel protocols, so none is claimed",
          "Apple Silicon support is not stated in the sources Nuanyue tracks"
        ],
        "status": "editorially-reviewed",
        "sourceIds": [],
        "lastVerified": null
      },
      {
        "id": "software:mullvad-vpn.advantage.0",
        "subject": "software:mullvad-vpn",
        "predicate": "advantage",
        "value": "Charges a flat €5 per month rather than tiering features by price.",
        "status": "developer-stated",
        "sourceIds": [
          "mullvad-vpn:official"
        ],
        "lastVerified": "2026-10-05"
      },
      {
        "id": "software:mullvad-vpn.advantage.1",
        "subject": "software:mullvad-vpn",
        "predicate": "advantage",
        "value": "Requires no email address or personal information to create an account.",
        "status": "developer-stated",
        "sourceIds": [
          "mullvad-vpn:official"
        ],
        "lastVerified": "2026-10-05"
      },
      {
        "id": "software:mullvad-vpn.advantage.2",
        "subject": "software:mullvad-vpn",
        "predicate": "advantage",
        "value": "Accepts cash and cryptocurrency, which supports paying without an identity.",
        "status": "developer-stated",
        "sourceIds": [
          "mullvad-vpn:official"
        ],
        "lastVerified": "2026-10-05"
      },
      {
        "id": "software:mullvad-vpn.advantage.3",
        "subject": "software:mullvad-vpn",
        "predicate": "advantage",
        "value": "States that it does not log user activity.",
        "status": "developer-stated",
        "sourceIds": [
          "mullvad-vpn:official"
        ],
        "lastVerified": "2026-10-05"
      },
      {
        "id": "software:mullvad-vpn.advantage.4",
        "subject": "software:mullvad-vpn",
        "predicate": "advantage",
        "value": "Offers DAITA to counter AI-guided traffic analysis, and quantum-resistant tunnels.",
        "status": "developer-stated",
        "sourceIds": [
          "mullvad-vpn:official"
        ],
        "lastVerified": "2026-10-05"
      },
      {
        "id": "software:mullvad-vpn.advantage.5",
        "subject": "software:mullvad-vpn",
        "predicate": "advantage",
        "value": "Commissions independent audits of its app and infrastructure.",
        "status": "developer-stated",
        "sourceIds": [
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        ],
        "lastVerified": "2026-10-05"
      },
      {
        "id": "software:mullvad-vpn.drawback.0",
        "subject": "software:mullvad-vpn",
        "predicate": "drawback",
        "value": "There is no free tier, so the service cannot be evaluated at no cost through the vendor.",
        "status": "verified",
        "sourceIds": [
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        ],
        "lastVerified": "2026-10-05"
      },
      {
        "id": "software:mullvad-vpn.drawback.1",
        "subject": "software:mullvad-vpn",
        "predicate": "drawback",
        "value": "The number of servers and countries is not published in the sources Nuanyue tracks.",
        "status": "editorially-reviewed",
        "sourceIds": [],
        "lastVerified": null
      },
      {
        "id": "software:mullvad-vpn.drawback.2",
        "subject": "software:mullvad-vpn",
        "predicate": "drawback",
        "value": "The supported tunnel protocols are not enumerated in the sources Nuanyue tracks.",
        "status": "editorially-reviewed",
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        "lastVerified": null
      }
    ],
    "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z",
    "lastReviewedAt": null
  }
}